Oracle sudo privilege requirements for environments
This topic describes the rationale behind specific sudo privilege requirements for virtualizing Oracle Databases.
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Privilege |
Sources |
Targets |
Rationale |
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Optional, Strongly Recommended |
Optional, Strongly Recommended |
Delphix auto-discovery uses the This privilege is required for Auto-Discovery with non-default |
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Not Required |
Required |
The Delphix Engine dynamically mounts and unmounts directories under the provisioning directory during VDB operations. This privilege is required because |
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Not Required |
Required |
The Delphix Engine monitors NFS read and write sizes on an AIX target host. It uses the |
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Not Required |
Optional |
This is required to invoke Datapatch command with any environment user other than the Oracle user. |
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Oracle mount options for RAC |
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|---|---|
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AIX |
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For the AIX platform, depending on NFS version used, additional options vers=3 or vers=4.x is added (x varies depending on what that platform supports. e.g. vers=4 or vers=4.1) |
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Linux (NFSv3) |
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Linux (NFSv4) |
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-
For both Single instance and RAC, "port=2049" option is added for all platforms.
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For AIX, rsize=<value>,wsize=<value> options are added depending on the value returned by "/usr/sbin/nfso -o nfs_max_read_size" and "/usr/sbin/nfso -o nfs_max_write_size" commands.
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Oracle unmount options |
“-f” is used on all platforms and for Linux “-lf” is used if “-f” fails. |
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Oracle mount options for single instance |
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|---|---|
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AIX |
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For the AIX platform, depending on NFS version used, additional options vers=3 or vers=4.x is added (x varies depending on what that platform supports. e.g. vers=4 or vers=4.1) |
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Linux (NFSv3) |
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Linux (NFSv4) |
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Sudo file configuration examples for Oracle environments
This topic provides a sample sudo file privilege configurations for using the Delphix Engine with various operating systems and the Oracle RDBMS.
Delphix requires that the requiretty setting be disabled for all Delphix users with sudo privileges.
Configuring sudo access on Linux for Oracle source and target environments
Sudo access to ps on the Linux operating system is required for the detection of listeners with non-standard configurations on both source and target environments. Super-user access level is needed to determine the TNS_ADMIN environment variable of the user running the listener (typically oracle, the installation owner). From TNS_ADMIN, the Delphix OS user delphix_os can derive connection parameters.
Example: Linux /etc/sudoers entries for a Delphix Source
Defaults:delphix_os !requiretty
delphix_os ALL=NOPASSWD:/bin/ps On a Linux target, sudo access to mount and umount is also required.
Example: Linux /etc/sudoers file for a Delphix Target
Defaults:delphix_os !requiretty
delphix_os ALL=NOPASSWD: \
/bin/mount, /bin/umount, /bin/mkdir, /bin/rmdir, /bin/ps Configuring sudo access on AIX for Oracle source and target environments
Sudo access to ps on the AIX operating system is required for the detection of listeners with non-standard configurations on both source and target environments. Super-user access level is needed to determine the TNS_ADMIN environment variable of the user running the listener (typically oracle, the installation owner). From TNS_ADMIN, the Delphix OS user delphix_os can derive connection parameters.
Example: AIX /etc/sudoers entries for a Delphix Source
Defaults:delphix_os !requiretty
delphix_os ALL=NOPASSWD:/bin/ps In addition to sudo access to the mount, umount, and ps commands on AIX target hosts, Delphix also requires sudo access to nfso. This is required on target hosts for the Delphix Engine to monitor the NFS read-write sizes configured on the AIX system. Super-user access level is needed to run the nfso command.
Example: AIX /etc/sudoers File for a Delphix Target
Defaults:delphix_os !requiretty
delphix_os ALL=NOPASSWD: \
/usr/sbin/mount, \
/usr/sbin/umount, \
/usr/sbin/mkdir, \
/usr/sbin/rmdir, \
/usr/sbin/nfso, \
/usr/bin/ps Examples of Limiting sudo access for the Delphix OS user
In situations where security requirements prohibit giving the Delphix user root privileges to mount, unmount, make a directory, and remove directory on the global level, it is possible to configure the sudoers file to provide these privileges only on specific mount points or from specific Delphix Engines, as shown in these two examples.
Info: The Delphix Engine tests its ability to run the mount command using sudo on the target environment by issuing the sudo mount command with no arguments. Many of the examples shown in this topic do not allow that. This causes a warning during environment discovery and monitoring but otherwise does not cause a problem. If your VDB operations succeed, it is safe to ignore this warning.
Similarly, the ps or pargs command is used for target environment operations such as initial discovery and refresh. The most restrictive sudo setups might not allow the commands ps (pargs). Delphix can still function without these privileges, although auto-discovery may not work.
However, some users configure the security on the target environments to monitor sudo failures and lockout the offending account after some threshold. In those situations, the failure of the sudo commands might cause the delphix_os account to become locked. One workaround for this situation is to increase the threshold for locking out the user account. Another option is to modify /etc/sudoers to permit the delphix_os user to run ps (pargs), and mount command without parameters.
Example 1
This example restricts the delphix_os user's use of sudo privileges to the directory /oracle.
Note that wildcards are allowed for the options on mount and umount because those commands expect a fixed number of arguments after the options. The option wildcard on the mount command also makes it possible to specify the file-system being mounted from the Delphix Engine.
Example /etc/sudoers File Configuration on the Target Environment for sudo Privileges on the VDB Mount Directory Only (Linux OS)
Defaults:delphix_os !requiretty
delphix_os ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: \
/bin/mount * /oracle/*, \
/bin/umount * /oracle/*, \
/bin/umount /oracle/*, \
/bin/mkdir -p /oracle/*, \
/bin/mkdir -p -m 755 /oracle/*, \
/bin/mkdir /oracle/*, \
/bin/rmdir /oracle/*, \
/bin/ps Example /etc/sudoers File Configuration on the Source Environment to grant Super-User privileges when running ps
Defaults:delphix_os !requiretty
delphix_os ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /bin/ps Example 2
This example restricts the delphix_os user's use of sudo privileges to the directory /oracle, restricts the mount commands to a specific Delphix Engine hostname and IP, and does not allow user-specified options for the umount command.
This configuration is more secure, but there is a tradeoff with deployment simplicity. This approach would require a different sudo configuration for targets configured for different Delphix Engines.
A Second Example of Configuring the /etc/sudoers File on the Target Environment for Privileges on the VDB Mount Directory Only (Linux OS)
Defaults:delphix_os !requiretty
delphix_os ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: \
/bin/mount /oracle/*, \
/bin/mount * /oracle/*, \
/bin/mount <delphix-server-ip>* /oracle/*, \
/bin/mount * <delphix-server-ip>* /oracle/*, \
/bin/mount "", \
/bin/umount /oracle/*, \
/bin/umount * /oracle/*, \
/bin/mkdir, \
/bin/rmdir, \
/bin/ps Example 3
This example adds the following entries in /etc/sudoers to allow the delphix_os user to run datapatch as the user oracle without needing to enter the password and with no additional privileges:
Cmnd_Alias ORACLE_CMDS =/u01/app/oracle/product/19.7.0.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/datapatch
Defaults!ORACLE_CMDS env_keep += "ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID ORACLE_UNQNAME"
delphix_os ALL=(oracle) NOPASSWD: ORACLE_CMDS It is important to note that the environment variables necessary for Delphix (ORACLE_HOME, ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_UNQNAME) to successfully invoke the datapatch command must be preserved using the env_keep option, otherwise the command invocation may fail.